Good Morning and Happy Wednesday!
Please visit the science daily website (www.sciencedaily.com) and in the search bar type in the term "Stem Cells". Choose three different articles to read and give a brief overview about each.
When you are finished please feel free to search for any videos pertaining to stem cell research.
1. The first article was about a study where scientists found more out about how stem cells behave. The embryonic stem cells can become any cell in the body because the are comprised of different cello types. The findings of this study could help scientists catch stem cells at the right point, when they are about to change.
ReplyDelete2. The second article was about scientists found the enzyme in the stem cells that allows DNA to be turned on and off. The NURF stem cells were also found.
3. The third article was about researchers finding that a certain tye of cell in the bloodstream could undergo more diverse transformation than they previously thought. They can be transformed into a wide variety of cells and not just blood cells.
"'Firefly' Stem Cells May Help Repair Damaged Hearts" This article is about how there are stem cells that glow like fireflies, and doctors may someday be able to use these to repair damaged hearts without surgery. As the stems cells grow into a healthy heart, they get brighter, which helps doctors see if they are working.
ReplyDelete"Stem Cell Discovery Could Lead to Improved Bone Marrow Transplants" This article about how researchers at the University of California, Santa Cruz, have found an important molecule that establishs blood stem cells in their niche within the bone marrow. This discovery could be the beginning of improvement in safety and efficiency in bone marrow transplants.
"Genetic Abnormalities Identified in Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines" This article is about how stem cell scientists at the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine and Scripps Research Institute have found specific genetic abnormalities that exist in human embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cell lines.
1. Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue:
ReplyDeleteResearchers from the Karolinska Institute have made a significant discovery. Stem cells working together with other cells were able to repair damaged tissue in a mouse's spinal cord. This could lead to the cure for spinal injuries.
2. Novel Theory for Mammalian Stem Cell Regulation:
A group of scientist have just recently proposed a mammalian adult stem cell regulation model. This might explain how two different stem cell states can coexist and simultaneously support rapid tissue regeneration.
3. Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine:
"The aim of regenerative medicine is to enable the body to repair, replace, restore or regenerate damaged or diseased cells, tissues and organs." - Science Daily. Basically, scientists have found that two different types of stem cells in bone marrow can help us to get this advanced regenerative medicine. With this medicine, we will be able to treat the issues Science Daily listed.
Stem cells repair damaged spinal cord tissue:
ReplyDeleteResearchers at the Karolinska Institutet have found a way to help a mouse's spinal cord be repaired after an injury and they are trying to figure out how they can make this happen in humans.
Two types of bone marrow stem cells could work together to advance regenerative medicine:
Researchers at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine have found a kind of stem cell called HSC which creates all of the blood for certain parts of the body could work with another stem cell that is responsible for the tissues and fat in a certain area of the body.
Researchers build colony of colon cancer stem cells to test new approach to therapy:
Researchers at the University of Pittsburgh found that colon cancer has stem cells that heal and recreate the tumor even after it has been treated because the stem cells are treatment resistant, the researchers are trying to find out how to take this part of the stem cells down.
The first article I read was about how stem cells could be used to repair spinal cord tissues after accidents so that paralyzed people could have a chance to walk. This theory was found after testing on a paraplegic mouse, which regained use of its feet after stem cells were used.
ReplyDeleteThe second article I read talked about how two types of bone marrow stem cells could be used in regenerative medicine in the future. More specifically scientists discovered what cells exactly were used in creating blood cells.
The third article I read talked about how the genome is stopping stem cells from becoming cells they are supposed to be. If this did not happen, nerve cells could become organ cells and this could completely destroy a body before it is actually developed.
Article 1: "Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue"
ReplyDeleteThis article talks about how stem cells can possibly repair and restore spinal cord tissue and bring back functionality. Professor Jonas Frisén's research group found that there is a type of stem cell, an ependymal cell, found in the spinal cord. This cell becomes active only when there is a spinal injury, and it produces many cells. It attempts to repair the spine, but it isn't enough to restore it.
Article 2: "Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine"
Hematopoietic stem cells create every blood cell in the human body, all from the bone marrow. As the name of this article suggests, these HSC cells are not alone. They actually partner up physically with mesenchymal stem cells, the cells responsible for bones, cartilage, fat and other tissues in your body. The MSC is actually the only thing keeping the HSC alive, and their pairing may be the future to bring regenerative medicines for bones and bone marrow, as well as cartilage.
Article 3: "Keeping Stem Cells from Changing Fates"
An enzyme in DNA keeps genes on or off, and this can prevent stem cells from becoming certain types of cells. Scientists believe that restructuring the DNA by proteins that make up chromosomes could decide if a stem cell will change or stay the same. Testing on flies showed that if an enzyme known as NURF was removed, the stem cells would disappear. This shows that this enzyme is responsible for keeping stem cells stem cells.
1. With stem cell research there is hope that one day brain and spinal
ReplyDeletecord injury treatment will be possible. The stem cell treatments have
already been successful with mice that have spinal cord injury. Stem
cell research has allowed mice to have a full recovery, and may soon
be the answer to human spine injury.
2. Human embryonic system cells have been cultured for the first time
ever. Embryonic stem cells have the ability to become any cell in the
body. They will soon be used to replace sick cells in a human body.
Researchers are figuring out ways to take stem cells from animals to
use in the human body. Hopefully humans will be able to be healed by
this breakthrough science one day.
3. A recent study has found that stem cells actual switch back and
fourth between different precursors of different types of cells.
Scientists now know that stem cells are not one kind of cell, but
rather a mixture of many different cells. This finding could help
scientists capture stem cells at exactly the right time, when the
cells are at their best.
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue: Researchers at Carolina Institute have done studies on mice to show how stem cells can rebuild spinal cords in the mice.
ReplyDeleteStudy Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells: The University of Edinburgh has shown how stem cells can grow to be different types of cells. The study indicates that are not any particular cell type at all, but are merely a mixture of different types of cells that can transform themselves from one type to another.
Novel Theory for Mammalian Stem Cell Regulation: The Linheng Li Lab and others hav previously reported that primitive blood-forming cells can be further separated into reserved and primed subpopulations. Further study proves that these types of subpopulations also coexist in several different tissues.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in the Lab
ReplyDeleteScientists are trying to target the stem cells of the cancer cells so that we can eliminate the cancer completely. With some treatments to cancer, all they do is chop the cell down, but they do not get to the roots of the problem. The scientists picture the cancer cells as roots. You cannot just chop them down, you have to get to the roots so that they cannot grow back.
Neural Stem Cells Attack Glioblastoma Cells
Some scientists in Germany have discovered that the stem cells in the brain are attacking glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma is a tumor in the brain.The tumor entices the stem cells to migrate over long distances from the cells niches in the brain. The stem cells protein also induces the signaling in glioblastoma cells. This tumor usually develops at a later age.
Obstacles to Stem Cell Therapy Cleared
Researchers have developed a new way for stem cell transplants without tumors developing. This special technique uses a special designed virus. The special virus tells the researchers when it is mature enough. When the cell is immature the cell is black, but when the cell has matured and it is ready, it turns green.
1. Title: "Too much SP2 protein turns stem cells into evil cancer cells"
ReplyDeleteResearchers at North Carolina State University have discovered that the overproduction of a key protein causes said stem cells to turn into cancerous tumors.
2. Title: "Firefly stem cells may help repair damaged hearts"
Stem cells that grow like fireflies could help doctors to heal damaged hearts. In his University of Central Florida lab, Steven Ebert engineered stem cells with the same enzyme that makes fireflies glow.
3. Title: "Immune system helps transplanted stem cells navigate in central nervous system"
Tom Lane and Kevin Garbajal have discovered how stem cells are able to navigate throughout the central nervous system. On top of that, they found that It also provides a blueprint for engineering stem-cell based therapies for multiple sclerosis, and other neurological diseases in which inflammation occurs.
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteStem cells may potentially help treat spinal cord and brain damage. When a spinal cord is injured thhe stem cells are the dominant source for new cells. Tye stem cells than make the cells rise to form scar tissue and to a type of support cell that makes an important component of spinal cord functionality.
Keeping Stem Cells From Changing Fates
An enzyme that changes the way DNA is packaged in cells allows specific genes to be turned on and off, thereby preventing a stem cell from becoming another cell type. NURF (an enzyme) keeps stem cells from changing in fruit fly testes, but whether NURF keeps other stem cells from chhanging still needs to be tested.
Breakthrough In Stem Cell Research
The breakthrough in this typemof research is that embryonic stem cells can be turned into any type of cell in the body and have a potential uses in treatments where sick cells need tobe replaced. And now for the first time we can produce large quantities of human embryonic stem cells in an environment that is completely chemically defined.
"Stem Cells Repair Spinal cord Tissue"
ReplyDeleteResearchers are currently working on developing new stem cells that will be able to repair a human spinal cord of injuries or development problems. The research group has found a new stem cell called an ependymal cell in the healthy spinal cord. They show that these cells are inactive in the healthy spinal cord.
"Study Sheds Light into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells"
A study at the University of Edinburgh has shown that embryonic stem cells consist of cells that switch back and forth between precursors of different cell types. The findings could help scientists catch embryonic stem cells at exactly the right point when they are primed to differentiate into cells that form specific tissues.
"Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine"
The aim of regenerative medicine is to enable the body to repair, replace, restore or regenerate damaged or diseased cells, tissues and organs.
The first article I read was called: Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine. At the Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University, they conducted an experiment and project, that could possibly change the face of the medical world as we know it. They discovered that by combining two different types of bone marrow stem cells, that a "super," regenerative medicine can be created. This breakthrough will be very beneficial to the human race. Scientists predict that this medicine can enable the body to repair itself, replace, restore or regenerate damaged or diseased cells, tissues and organs.
ReplyDeletehttp://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100817090808.htm
The second article I read was called: Broccoli Component Limits Breast Cancer Stem Cells, Study Finds. This article was basically about how a certain compound in the common vegetable of broccoli, could help prevent and treat breast cancer by targeting cancer stem cells. This research was conducted at the University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center. "The study tested sulforaphane, a component of broccoli and broccoli sprouts, in both mice and cell cultures. Researchers found sulforaphane targeted and killed the cancer stem cells and prevented new tumors from growing." Current chemotherapies can not work against cancer stem cells, meaning the cancer will be able to grow back and possibly spread throughout the body. It is hard to believe that the smallest of things, can someday help as to cure one of the biggest problems. http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/05/100503135432.htm
The last article I read was called: 'Firefly' Stem Cells May Help Repair Damaged Hearts. "Stem cells that glow like fireflies could someday help doctors heal damaged hearts without cutting into patients' chests." This was discovered in a University of Florida lab by a man by the name of Steven Ebert. This enzyme is the same as the ones that make fireflies glow. The researchers are interested in stem cells because of the fact that they can typically morph into organs, that can transplanted into a human body.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100928111122.htm
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/09/100928111122.htm
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Tissue
ReplyDeleteThis article was about how stem cells can help improve the functionality of spinal tissue after an injury. Research is being done on how this may be possible. At the moment, stem cells can help, but not fully recover the a pine from an injury. There is a chance that pharmaceutical treatments may work together with the stem cells in order to completely repair the spinal tissue.
Two types of bone marrow stem cells could work together to advance regenerative medicine
Two types of stem cels found in the bone marrow called HSC's and Mesenchymal stem cells work together in the body. The HSC's produce all of the blood cells and the Mesenchymal stem cells keep the HSC's alive in the bone marrow. A study was conducted to find out if these stem cells could also work together to advance. Regenerative medicine for bone marrow repair. It was found that these vital cells are responsible for the movement and maintenance of all stem cells in the bone marrow.
Keeping stem cells from changing fates
A study was done in fruit flies to see if scientists could turn on and off the genes to stem cells to prevent them from changing into another type of cell. The experiment worked, but they do not know why or what other cells were changed in the process. The study was done on fruit flies, but could potentially be executed on humans. There are probably many ways to complete this test. The outcome could keep stem cells from determining out fate and many diseases could be cured at their source.
Article 1: Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteResearchers have discovered that stem cells along with other cells were able to repair the spinal cord of a mouse. A joint study by Professor Jonas Frisén's research group at Karolinska Institutet and their colleagues from France and Japan, and published in Cell Stem Cell, shows how stem cells and several other cell types contribute to the formation of new spinal cord cells in mice and how this changes dramatically after trauma. This is a very significant discovery because it could work on humans if it worked on mice, without any side effects. Now, at this day and age spinal cord and brain injuries are incurable, but studies show that with the use of stem cells the brain and spinal cord can be treated and possibly even cured.
Article 2: Study Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells
This article is about how stem cells behave and and how they could help scientists grow these cells into different forms of tissue. Embryonic stem cells consist of cells that switch back and forth between precursors of different cell types, this may be linked to their potential to become any cell in the body. People that have had incurable injuries could benefit from this very much so. Scientists and researchers thought that embryonic stem cells were only able to become the embryonic stem cells were only able to become embryonic precursors for adult cells, a property known as pluripotency. Dr Josh Brickman, from the University's Medical Research Council Centre for Regenerative Medicine, said: "This study changes our view of what embryonic stem cells are and how they behave. Knowing that embryonic stem cells can switch between different founder cell types could help us isolate cells at a point in time when they are primed to become specific cells. This could improve the ability to produce specific cells in the laboratory."
Article 3: Keeping Stem Cells from Changing Fates
John Hopkins researchers have determined why certain stem cells are able to stay stem cells and not morph into other types of cells. An enzyme that changes the way DNA is packaged in cells allows specific genes to be turned on and off, thereby preventing a stem cell from becoming another cell type.
The three articles I picked to read are 'Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue', 'Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine', and 'Breakthrough in Stem Cell Culturing'.
ReplyDelete'Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue' was talking about the information researchers found involving mice spinal cords. Stem cells and other cells can actually repair damaged tissue in mice spinal cords. They have identified that a special kind of stem cell, called ependymal cell, is found in the spinal cord of a mouse. The ependymal cell is inactive when the spinal cord is healthy, but activated when it gets bruised or scarred.
'Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine' was mainly focusing on two types of stem cells found in the bone marrow pairing up to create a new type of regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine is basically a medicine that it makes the body able to regenerate, replace, repair, and restore damaged or diseased cells. Hematopoietic stem cells, which are found in the bone marrow, produce all of the blood cells in the body. This type of stem cell pair up with mesenchymal stem cells. This is a wonderful partnership because each cell does something to keep the other needs to survive.
The last article is 'Breakthrough in Stem Cell Culturing'. This article explains how human embryonic stem cells have been cultured in a chemical environment, but without the use of things from animals. Human embryonic stem cells can preform the task of any other cell in the body, but it is extremely hard to culture them without harmfully contaminating them. They have been cultured using animal substances, and human substances. Using human substances lead to unreliable research results, though. Researchers have now found a way to culture this cell only using "a matrix of a single human protein: laminin-511." Laminin is almost impossible to extract from a human body, until now. Scientists and researchers found that they can clone the genes needed for most human laminin.
In the first article I read it talked mainly about how in the future we might be able to use stem cells to repair damaged spinal cords. It talked about how stem cells can change into any cell type in the body. There was an experiment taken on a mouse who had a spinal cord damaged and it couldn't use its hind legs. When they injected it with stem cells, the mouse was able to use its hind legs again. They weren't perfectly repaired, but repaired enough so the mouse got its use of its hind legs back.
ReplyDeleteIn the second article they were trying to figure out when and where the stem cells change into any other cell type. It said that the reason stem cells are able to change into any cell type is because they have cells that can switch back and forth between precursors of different cell types. A precursors is a something that precedes something elses arrival. So in this case it come before all the differing cell types in a stem cell.
The third article talked about how stem cells play a huge role in the renewal of tissue. They believe that there is a current resting population of stem cells that form a niche of a given tissue. The Linheng Li Lab said that primitive blood forming stem cells can be separated into reserved and primed sub-populations. They believe that the sub-populations also exist on tissue. There is a new model would explain how the balance can be regulated between stem cell repairing and the rapid tissue regenerations.The existence of two sub-populations of adult stem cells offers another advantage in the rapidly regenerating tissues, by reducing the risk for mutations, which can cause tumors in the body.
Keeping Stem Cells from Changing Fates: Johns Hopkins researchers have
ReplyDeletedetermined why certain stem cells are able to stay stem cells. The
researchers believed that restricting the DNA by proteins that make up
chromosomes could play a role in deciding if a stem cell was going to
change into another cell or stay a stem cell.
Targeting Cancer Stem Cells in the Lab: Understanding of the
particular cancer cells within a tumor that drive it's growth could
now advance more rapidly. 'If we could target treatments against
these cells specifically, we should be able to eradicate the cancer
completely.' says Dr. Trevor Yeung of the Weatherall Institute of
Molecular Medicine at Oxford University.
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue: Researchers at
Karolinska Institute have shown how stem cells, together with other
cells, repair damaged tissue in the mouse spinal cord. Professor Jonas
Frisen's research group shows how stem cells and several other types
of cells contribute to the formation of new spinal cord cells in mice
and how this changes dramatically after trauma.
Stem cells replace old spinal chord tissue.
ReplyDeleteResearchers at Karolinska institute Have found a way to use stem cells to repair a broken spinal chord, by repairing the tissue in a mouse. They are hoping one day they will be able to Repair any damage done to the spinal chord or brain using the stem cells. Researchers have identified a certain stem cell in the spinal chord called ,ependymal cell. These cells are inactive if in a healthy spinal chord, however if they are in a Damaged spinal chord they become active, And the dominant source of new cells. Scientists also show that a certain family of mature cells called astrocytes Produce a large amount of scar forming cells After injury.
Targeting cancer stem cells in lab.
Dr. Trevor yeung of the Weatherall institute states, "Cancer stem cells drive the growth of a tumor." he also says if We could target the Treatments against these cells specifically then we would be able to get rid of the cancer completely.
Cancer stem cells are more resistant than most Other cells in this treatment. Cancer stem cells that have not been terminated can lead to a later occurrence of cancer. Tumors are known to carry different cells and with stem cells, they hold the ability to Drive the tumors growth. They are called cancer stem cells because they can produce More cells like themselves and Also produce different types to Provide various cell types. People have assumed that Cancer stem cells make up a small proportion of the cells in a tumor when in fact, the most aggressive tumors Can have a majority of cancer stem cells.
Keeping stem cells from changing fates.
John hopkins researchers have discovered why some stem cells are able to stay stem cells. There is a certain enzyme that changes the way DNA Is packaged in cells, allowing specific genes to be turned on and off. Which provides the stem cell to not change into a different type of cell. The Joh Hopkins researchers believe that By restructuring the DNA By proteins that make up chromosomes
Could play a big part in deciding whether or not the stem cell will stay a stem cell.
Breakthrough in Stem Cell Culturing June 1st, 2010
ReplyDeleteHuman embryonic stem cells have been, for the first time, cultured under chemically controlled conditions without the use of animal substances. There was a problem on how to change the embryonic cell into the cells vitally needed. Which was contaminating it with cells or substances from animals. Scientists can now make large amounts of human embryonic stem cells in an entirely chemically defined environment.
Study Sheds Light into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells May 26, 2010.
Embryonic stem cells are made of cells that go back and forth between precursors of variant cell types. This could potentially aide scientists in finding embryonic stem cells at the pinpoint when it is vital to variate into cells that create a tissue.
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue October 9, 2010
Researchers have been able to prove how stem cells and other cells repair damaged tissue in the mouse spinal cord. When a spinal cord is damages, stem cells are activated to be the dominant source of new cells. An important component of spinal cord functionality is when stem cells then give rise to cells forming scar tissue and to support cells. But they do not have enough effect for spinal cord functionality to return to normal.
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ReplyDelete1. Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine
ReplyDeleteThis article is about how Hematopoietic stem cells and mesenchymal stem cells "pair up" and interact in the bone marrow. This exceptional relationship could bring about medicine for regenerative purposes. The HSC cells partner with the mesenchymal cell physically. The HSCs are kept alive by the mesenchymal cell, which likely maintain, grow, regenerate, and move around stem cells in the bone marrow. If we study and examine these cells closely, we may be able to make huge medical advances in the reproduction of stem cells.
2. 'Firefly' Stem Cells May Help Repair Damaged Hearts
This article talks about how a lab in the University of Central Florida created stem cells using the enzyme that allows fireflies to glow. As the cell becomes a heart muscle, the cell glows brighter. Scientists have always been fascinated by stem cells since they tend to develop into organs when they are transplanted. Researchers have never quite understood or been able to see how or why. Now that glowing stem cells have been created, scientists will be able to see the stem cell through their microscopes and pick up on its activity. If they can watch the stem cell and find out how they regenerate, they can possibly do the same for people with coronary diseases. Patients would no longer have to be cut open in order to see how the stem cell is working on their heart. Scientists will be able to monitor it because the glowing stem cell will be visible. It has the potential to be a sort of tracking device.
3. Gene Identified That Prevents Stem Cells from Turning Cancerous
Studies conducted at the Rockefeller University show that an abundance of stem cells or long living stem cells can cause cancer. The Sept4 gene was studied in mice, it is found that it regulates cell death. When it is missing, mice have double the normal amount of HSC cells.
1) Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteScientists and researchers at Karolinska Institute have recently discovered a newly established type of cell in the spinal cord that has a direct correlation to the body (especially the nervous system) of a human, in particular, to traumatic experiences. In the optimistic mind of the researchers, hope to treat a damaged spinal cord and brain by the use of stem cells. Professor Jonas Frisén's group from France and Japan has instituted a similar system of cells that function in the spine in mice as humans have. Ependymal cells are one of the many that were discovered in the experiment. Though inactive during the majority of the average life being pushed aside by more matured cells, a traumatic experience to the spinal cord raises its activity levels and creates a chain of occurrences with scar tissue cells that help in the healing process. They hope to be on the route to a new treatment.
"The stem cells have a certain positive effect following injury, but not enough for spinal cord functionality to be restored," says Jonas Frisén. "One interesting question now is whether pharmaceutical compounds can be identified to stimulate the cells to form more support cells in order to improve functional recovery after a spinal trauma."
2) Study Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells
A new discovery by the University of Edinburgh brings about new information for the behaviour of the artificial growth of cells that form individual tissues. In their latest study, embryonic stem cells (who, in fact, actually consist of a dubious mixture of several types of cells) have released the content of their constituents: cells that fluctuate between precursors of unique categories of cell types, which has the potential to develop into an infinite amount of cell types. In a scientific mindset, this new relevant insight may aid each scientist in picking the right cells at their prime time, just like picking a fresh apple at the perfect moment of ripeness. The signals that these particular cells are what situate them in a permanent position once maturity arises. With high hopes, scientists are persistent in fabricate a new environment to develop specific cells, that may be used for different purposes, most likely in the therapeutic area.
3) Novel Theory for Mammalian Stem Cell Regulation
Linheng Li, Ph.D., Investigator, in collaboration with Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht, Netherlands, co-authored a novel that has an intriguing perspective of the model of mammalian adult stem cell management center. The book defines how the coexistence of two contrasting stem cell states adjusts both stem cell supports the conservation and simultaneously supports rapid tissue revitalization. The Science publication supports the evidence found by previous researchers that primitive blood-forming stem cells can be divided into inert and active sub-populations. This discovery offers the advantage in tissue regeneration and reduce the risk of mutations (specifically, those that cause cancer); this proposes as a potential profit for either therapeutic or healing/prevention research.
"If this hypothesis is true, the critical question will be how to target quiescent drug-resistant cancer stem cells," said Dr. Li. "We will test this model in cancers in an effort to determine how to activate quiescent (drug-resistant) cancer stem cells for further targeting."
1) Stem cells repair damaged spinal cord tissue.
ReplyDeleteThis article is talking about how potentially, stem cells can be used to repair injuries to the spinal cord and the brain. Stem cells are cells that can form into any cell and it has been found that there are stem cell-like cells in the brain and a part of the spinal cord.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/10/101008082736.htm
2) Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine
A study shows that in the bone marrow, there are two types of stem cells that can be used to create regenerative medicine. One stem cell is able to produce bone rise, cartilage, and fat. The other has a job of producing every type of blood cell in the body. Together they can create this revolutionary medicine.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/08/100817090808.htm
3) Linheng Li, Ph.D., Investigator, together with Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D., Director of the Hubrecht Institute in Utrecht, Netherlands, co-authored a prospective review published by the journal Science that proposes a model of mammalian adult stem cell regulation that may explain how the coexistence of two disparate stem cell states regulates both stem cell maintenance and simultaneously supports rapid tissue regeneration.
http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/01/100129111835.htm
1) Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteKarolinska researchers found that stem cells, coupled with some less contriversal cells can repair a mouse's spinal chord. Specifically, "activated" ependymal cells, normally dormant in a healthy spine, made the spine heal itself.
2) Neural Stem Cells Attack Glioblastoma Cells
Researchers found that stem cells slow the growth of Glioblastoma cells. (Glioblastoma is a common type of brain tumor, appearing in fifty to sixty year olds) The stem cells "attack" the tumor, which attracts them from every area of the brain like bees to honey. This may be key to curing brain tumors.
3) The Reality of Human Stem Cell Research in Europe
The European Science Foundation is evaluation the ethicality of stem cells for regenerative medicine. Because of the wide variety of governments and religons in Europe, the issue is extremely contriversal. The main issue was whether blatocysts, an early type of embryo, are able to be experimented on and whether regenerative medicine should be considered a commercial venture.
The first article I read was about stem cells healing damaged spinal cord tissue. Researchers found stem cells in the spinal cord known as ependymal cells, which are not active in healthy spinal cords. However, they start building scar tissue formations if the original tissue becomes injured.
ReplyDeleteThe second article was about neural stem cells attacking glioblastoma cells. Glioblastoma is a brain tumor common in adults in their sixties. The causes are currently unknown. Neural stem cells release a protein known as BMP. It signals the tumor cells to differentiate, meaning they would become a cell other than a tumor cell.
The third article was about a protein that regulates gene activity, SP2, and how too much of it produced will turn stem cells into cancer cells, nicknamed "evil twins." The SP2 "hi-jacks" the stem cell and turns it into a cancer cell.
1: Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteScientists at Karolinska Institute have done research concerning the stem cells in spinal tissue. They studied stem cells in the spines of mice and how they make new spinal cord cells, and discovered that it changes drastically after traumatic injuries. The researchers identified a special type of stem cell in the spine that is inactive in a healthy, undamaged spine, but is activated in a damaged spine to become the main source of new stem cells to heal the spine. Though the cells don't completely heal the spine and restore it to previous function, scientists are working to find a stimulant for these cells to give them an even better effect.
2: Study Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells
Embryonic stem cells switch back and forth before they become a specific cell type, and scientists are beginning to think that if they catch one just as it changes, it can help to grow new tissues outside of a body. The cells are comprised not of one cell type as previously thought, but a large mixture from the embryo. Stem cells can even become the "yolk sac" around an embryo. They become one fixed type by receiving signals from surrounding cells, which may be the reason that, once isolated in a laboratory, stem cells do not grow into a specific cell. Scientists hope to better understand the nature of stem cells by studying their development further.
3: Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine
Two different stem cells that form bone marrow have been discovered to pair up and form a special partnership. Scientists hope to learn more about the partnership and use it in regenerative medicine. Regenerative medicine is a study that leads to helping the body to heal and regenerate organs, tissues, and cells faster and better. Scientists believe that these special unions between cells may help to distribute and activate stem cells in bone marrow. They hope that further studies can lead to keeping stem cells in a petri dish alive, healthy, and activated.
1. My first article was about stem cells and their ability to heal damaged spinal chord tissue in mice. So far they have not been able to restore function, but with further research this goal may be achievable.
ReplyDelete2. My second article was about how stem cells are not a single cell type but a multitude of types, which allows them to become so many different varieties of cells. It is also shown stem cells can repair the placenta, not just adult tissues.
3. My third article was about how an enzyme has been found that can preserve a stem cell, without it changing into another type of cell. This enzyme, called NURF, causes DNA to coil or uncoil, and therefore for genes to be read or not. If a gene isn't read, the stem cell might not develop into a different type of cell.
1. Scientists have discovered that the immune system in the fetus is derived from a completely different set of stem cells than the adult immune system. The fetal stem cells are more likely to tolerate foreign objects than fight them, like material from its mother and her organs. This leads the scientists to believe that the tolerant immune system leads to children not having HIV passed on from their mothers, because they tolerate it at an early age.
ReplyDelete"In the fetus, we found that there is an immune system whose job it is to teach the fetus to be tolerant of everything it sees, including its mother and its own organs," said Joseph M. McCune, MD, PhD, a professor in the UCSF Division of Experimental Medicine who is a co-senior author on the paper. "After birth, a new immune system arises from a different stem cell that instead has the job of fighting everything foreign."
2. A study at King's College in the UK has found that suppressing a protein in leukemic stem cells can reverse their state to pre-leukemic form. The protein, known as beta catenin, had few details previously known. The tested leukemia is a form that is based off of a mutation in the MLL gene, and has low survival rate. Only 50% of those afflicted survive the first two years of treatment. This is a strong step towards curing leukemia in many patients.
3. On December 12th, 2010, scientists produced the first stem-cell based intestinal tissue. They created 3D functioning intestinal tissue from pluripotent stem cells in a petri dish. To create it, they changed two types of stem cells, hESC (embryonic stem cells that can change into any cell) and iPSCs (these stem cells are taken from the patient at the time of treatment, with no risk of rejection), with chemicals and proteins. This is a huge leap in transplanting intestines for people with short bowel disease and irritable bowel syndrome.
1. Newly Identified Growth Factor Promotes Stem Cell Growth, Regeneration
ReplyDeleteMay 22, 2010
Scientists at Duke have identified a new growth factor that stimulates the expansion of blood regeneration stem cells. The discovery may help scientists get over a barrier in cell therapy, that barrier being that stem cells are so small in number and the fact that they sometimes resist expansion. Researchers also believe that umbilical cords could serve as a universal source for stem cells.
2. Stem Cell Breakthrough: Bone Marrow Cells Are the Answer
Jan 29, 2010
Scientists have found a new strategy to make embryonic stem cell transplants less likely to be rejected by an immune system. The strategy involves fusing the stem cells with bone marrow cells. Once fused, the cell has DNA from both the donor and the recipient, so the cell will not be rejected by the immune system of the recipient.
3. Stem Cell Treatment Is Effective for Certain Cases of Acute Leukemia
December 13, 2010
Adults and children with certain cases of leukemia could benefit from blood generating stem cells. Treatments for leukemia are chemotherapy, or this new stem cell treatment. The stem cell treatment is much less toxic and harmful then chemo. Although the treatment works, on certain cases the results vary because of specific details in the disease.
1) Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteKarolinska Institute have discovered that stem cells, with the help of other cells, can repair damaged tissue in a mouse spinal cord. Since spinal injuries and brain damage are soon to be treatable in medical use, this stem cell may be the key. This type of cell is known as the Ependymal Cell. Usually inactive, it sits near the spinal cord. When there is trauma in the spine, it turns on and heals scar tissue.
2) Novel Theory for Mammalian Stem Cell Regulation
Two people have co-authored a prospective review published in Science (the journal) that explains a mammalian model of adult stem cell regulation. Linheng Li, Ph.D and Hans Clevers, M.D., Ph.D made the model to explain coexistence of two seperate stem cell states, and how they regulate both cell maintenance and tissue regeneration.
3) Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine
A study that was led by a researcher at Albert Einstein College of Medicine of Yeshiva University has discovered a unique partnership between two different bone marrow stem cells. This combination could lead toward advancements in regenerative medicines. What regenerative medicine does is enable the human body to replace, repair, restore, and regenerate diseased and/or damaged cells, tissues, organs, or bones.
"Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue" was the first article I read. It was about how inactive stem cells called ependymal cells have been found in the spinal cord and when the spinal cord is damaged they become active. The ependymal cells help to create more spinal cord cells.
ReplyDelete"Study Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells" was the second article I read. It was about embryonic stem cells not being any specific cell. Due to the signals the cells neghboring cells are sending out helps the stem cell to form into a cell need for the part of the body it will be working for. Sceintists are growing these stem cells into adult cells but without an influence of what they should become, so that the sceintist can study them and find ways to grow them into specific cells.
"Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine" was the third artticle I read. It was about how hematopoietic (HSCs) and mesenchymal beome partner. The mesenchymal stem cells actually keep the hematopoietic stem cells alive. They come together in bone marrow.
1. Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteIt is shown that stem cells, combined with other types of cells, could treat spinal difficulties in a mouse by repairing its damaged tissue. Researchers hope that in the future this method of healing spinal difficulties the mouse can be implicated to people.
2. Broccoli Component Limits Breast Cancer Stem Cells
In this article, it is said that researchers have found that a certain component found in the common broccoli is able to prevent a person from getting breast cancer and can actually shrink the size of a tumor. The study was done on mice and the broccoli prevents the cancer by targeting and killing breast cancer stem cells.
3. Gene Identified that Prevents Stem Cells from turning Cancerous
It was found that an abundance, or long-living, stem cells can lead to getting cancer. When the Sept4 gene, the gene in charge of regulating cell numbers, is missing the number of stem cells goes un-regulated by the body and can in turn cause cancer.
"Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue"
ReplyDeleteStem cells have the ability to become any type of cell, even spinal cord cells which do not go through mitosis. That means that once the spinal cord is damaged, it's normally permanent and untreatable. Now, scientists are wondering if we can harvest stem cells, can we then use them to place into the damaged spinal cord?
"Cancer Researchers Link Ovarian Hormone to Breast Stem Cells Growth"
An ovarian hormone, progesterone, plays a big role in the alteration of breast stem cells which leads to breast cancer. Research shows that during the second cycle of the menstrual cycle, progesterone peaks which causes stem cells and neighbouring cells who drive normal breast stem cells to expand to a larger quantity. The expanded number of cells sets up a possible situation where cancer can take root.
"Neural Stem Cells Attack Glioblastoma Cells"
Scientists from Germany have shown that growth of glioblastomas, the most common and aggressive of brain tumors, is controlled by the brain's stem cells and precursor cells. It's known that stem cells and precursor cells migrate over long distances in the brain to attack the tumor because it entices them with an unknown chemical (they think). Now, they know how the stem cells keep the tumor in check, and that's by the stem cell proteins inducing signaling in glioblastoma cells.
tem cell protein induces signaling in glioblastoma cells. The stem cells release BMP-7 (a protein) in the vicinity of the glioblastoma cells. The protein influences small quantity of of cancer cells. Right now, many scientists are in agreement that its these tumor cells that are the real cause for the cycling renewal of the tumor in the brain. Even a small number of these cells can preform the job of creating new tumors again and again, even after surgery. BMP-7 releases signaling in the tumor cells which causes them to differentiate, meaning, they are no longer tumor stem cells.
Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteThis article was about scientists have discovered that there is hope for people that have had there spine and brain damaged. This hope is actually stem cells that reside in an adult human's nervous system. Professor Jonas Frisén's research group and their colleagues from France and Japan have been researching ways for stem cells to heal spinal injuries, and have actually achieved healing a broken spinal cord in a mouse. Unfortunately, "The stem cells have a certain positive effect following injury, but not enough for spinal cord functionality to be restored" says Frisén. "One interesting question now is whether pharmaceutical compounds can be identified to stimulate the cells to form more support cells in order to improve functional recovery after a spinal trauma.
Study Sheds Light Into the Nature of Embryonic Stem Cells
Scientists now have new insight into what stem cells are and how they behave. This new information may even help scientists grow their own stem cells for medical purposes. The scientists will have to catch the stem cells in the embryonic stages at the exact time where they are prime for replaced destroyed cells.
Two Types of Bone Marrow Stem Cells Could Work Together to Advance Regenerative Medicine
This article was about a unique relationship between to types of bone marrow they may lead to advances in regenerative medicine. This study is lead by Paul Frenette, M.D, and David S. Gottesman Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine Research.
The relationship includes Hematopoietic stem cells that produce all the blood cells in the body, and mesenchymal stem cells, which make the bone, fat, cartilage, and other tissues. The mesenchymal stem cells also "(most likely) play important roles in stem cell maintenance, movement, and regeneration of the bone marrow." says Dr. Frenette. "Further studies into their functions might allow us to maintain healthy stem cells and develop new methods to expand them for clinical use."
1. "Breakthrough in Stem Cell Culturing"
ReplyDeleteScientists have grown human embryonic stem cells in a chemically controlled environment without any animals substances for the first time. Before this breakthrough, it was EXTREMELY difficult to culture human embryonic stem cells without contaminating them. To solve this problem, scientists would add animal proteins to the cell, but this made them impossible to use for human treatment. This is possible because of scientists' new ability to create Laminin-5-1-1, which is what keeps a stem cell a stem cell until it needs to develop into a different kind of tissue.
2. "Neural Stem Cells Attack Glioblastoma Cells"
Glioblastomas are particularly common and aggressive brain tumors that tend to develop in middle aged adults. It is believed these tumors are formed when misdirected neural stem cells/precursor cells mutate into cancer cells and form a tumor. Scientists are unsure why, but the 'normal' (nonmutant) stem cells/precursor cells travel from all over the brain to attack the glioblastoma. We do not know what attracts the cells, but now we do know what they do to keep the tumor in check. The regular stem cells release a chemical called BMP-7 near the tumor stem cells, which signals to the mutated cells to become something else--not cancer cells, though the body's ability to fight tumors such as these diminishes with age. This would explain why they don't show up in children or young adults. Because it only takes a small amount of tumor stem cells to form a new tumor even after one is surgically removed, the normal stem cells could prove vital in the treatment of glioblastomas.
3. "Gene Identified that Keeps Stem Cells from Turning Cancerous"
Rockefeller University conducted studies as to what causes cancerous stem cells. They found that long-living stem cells or an over abundance of stem cells can cause them to become cancerous and form tumors. They found that the Sept4 gene regulates cell death when they studied mice. If this gene is absent in the mice, the HSC cell count was double what it would be if the mice had the gene.
Stem Cells can work with other cells to help fix or heal the mouse spinal cord. It wont fully recover but it helps the mouse from the injury.
ReplyDeleteRegenerative medicine is to help the human body to replace, repaire, restore or regenerate damaged or diseased tissue, cells, and organs.
Stem cells that glow like fireflies could one day help doctors heal damaged hearts without cutting into patients' chests. They grow brighter and brighter so it can help doctors see inside without have to open up the peoples chest cavities to monitor the healing.
1.) Stem cells repair damaged spinal cord tissue
ReplyDeleteNew studies taking place in Karolinska institute show that stem cells may be able to cure spinal injuries. So far they have tried the method out on a mouse, with success. They say that it may work in humans and have high hopes that it will work for other purposes. It may even be able to cure damaged brain cells. This method is a process of utilizing both stem cells and a specific type of cell found in the nervous system.
2.) Study sheds light on to the nature of embryonic cells
A new undertaking at The university of Edinburgh show that embryonic stem cells may have different properties and values then originally thought.
More coming
1. Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDelete- This article states that stem cells may be used to treat damage to the spinal cord and the brain. It talked about how stem cells can change into any cell type in the body, and has shown to work as proven on a mouse.
2. Breakthrough in Stem Cell Culturing
- This article talks about how human embryonic stem cells have been cultured under chemically controlled conditions without the use of animal substances, which is key for future clinical uses. It also states how embryonic stem cells can be changed into any other type of cell in the body and could possibly be used in treatments where sick cells need to be replaced.
3. Keeping Stem Cells from Changing Fates
- People at Johns Hopkins researchers have determined why certain stem cells are able to stay stem cells. It states that an enzyme that changes the way DNA is packaged in cells allows specific genes to be turned on and off, thereby preventing a stem cell from becoming another cell type.
1. Stem Cells Repair Damaged Spinal Cord Tissue
ReplyDeleteThis article explains how researchers at the Karolinska Institutet proved that stem cells can help mend tarnished spinal cord tissue. This was done through the treatment of mice. This may lead to the successful treatment of brain and spinal cord injuries in humans using stem cells. This group, lead by Professor Jonas Frisén, identified a new type of stem cell, known as the ependymal cell. This cell, found in the spinal cord, is inactive when the spinal cord is healthy, but, when injured, the ependymal cell transforms to produce cells and help with the partial healing of the spinal cord. If this cell was stimulated to produce more, then it may completely heal the injured spine.
2.Keeping Stem Cells from Changing Fates
Researchers at Johns Hopkins have found that an enzyme allows specific genes to be turned on and off, thereby making a stem cell from becoming another cell type
More coming...